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Submitted: 21 Aug 2014
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J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2014;6(3): 185-189.
doi: 10.15171/jcvtr.2014.009
PMID: 25320667
PMCID: PMC4195970
  Abstract View: 1908
  PDF Download: 794

Original Article

Effects of Music on Cardiovascular Responses in Men with Essential Hypertension Compared with Healthy Men Based on Introversion and Extraversion

Hossein Namdar 1, Mohammadreza Taban Sadeghi 1, Hassan Sabourimoghaddam 2, Babak Sadeghi 2, Davoud Ezzati 2*

1 Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Email: ezzatid@yahoo.com

Abstract

Introduction: The present research investigated the effects of two different types of music on cardiovascular responses in essential hypertensive men in comparison with healthy men based on introversion and extraversion. Methods: One hundred and thirteen hypertensive men referred to Madani Heart Hospital in Tabriz completed the NEO-FFI Questionnaire and after obtaining acceptable scores were classified in four groups: introvert patients, extravert patients, introvert healthy subjects, and extravert healthy subjects (each group with 25 samples with age range 31-50). Baseline blood pressure and heart rate of each subject was recorded without any stimulus. Then subjects were exposed to slow-beat music and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. After15 minute break, and a little cognitive task for distraction, subjects were exposed to fast-beat music and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded again. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test showed that extravert patient subjects obtained greater reduction in systolic blood pressure and heart rate after presenting slow-beat music compared with introvert patients (P= 0.035, and P= 0.033 respectively). And extravert healthy subjects obtained greater reduction in heart rate after presenting slow-beat music compared with introvert healthy subjects (P= 0.036). However, there are no significant differences between introvert and extravert groups in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate after presenting fast-beat music. Conclusion: Based on our results, introvert subjects experience negative emotions more than extravert subjects and negative emotions cause less change in blood pressure in these subjects compared with extravert subjects.
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