Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 2008-5117 7 2 2015 06 02 A Case of Fatal Acute Lung Injury After Balloon Valvuloplasty of Pulmonary Stenosis: Case Report and Review of Literature 78 80 10.15171/jcvtr.2015.18 EN Mohammad Ali Ostovan Maliheh Kamali Abdolali Zolghadrasli Journal Article 10.15171/jcvtr.2015.18 2015 05 26 A newly described immediate complication after percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty is acute lung injury. Here we report a case of fatal acute lung injury after pulmonary valvuloplasty.The patient was a 26-year-old woman, referred to a general hospital with the diagnosis of livercirrhosis. In her work-ups severe pulmonary stenosis was detected and so a decision was madeto relieve the valve stenosis. Despite the procedural success, the patient developed severe dyspneaand desaturation a few hours later and died within 3 days due to shock state. Although the definition, incidence or severity of acute lung injury after pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty is not yet clear, this is as far as we know the first mortality reported in literature. This presentation in our patient should prompt clinicians to consider a more aggressive approach at the first sight of this previously considered innocent complication.