Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 2008-5117 13 2 2021 05 22 The relationship between preoperative serum vitamin D deficiency and postoperative atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis 102 108 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.25 EN Mehran Rahimi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-1541 Mohammadreza Taban-Sadeghi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9577-0099 Leila Nikniaz Fariba Pashazadeh REVIEW 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.25 2020 07 14 2021 01 24 Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common arrhythmia seen in the first days following cardiac surgeries. Recently, there is a growing discussion regarding the link between vitamin D deficiency and POAF development. This systematic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies aimed at evaluating the association between preoperative vitamin D deficiency and Postoperative atrial fibrillation. In this study, using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Libraries, we searched for records published before July 2020. Two reviewers screened for studies that examined the relationship between preoperative vitamin D levels and the generation of POAF. Data regarding study design, patient characteristics, definition of atrial fibrillation (AF) , type of surgery, vitamin D levels, and measurement methods were extracted. Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our primary analysis showed a significant relationship between preoperative levels of vitamin D and POAF development (mean differences (MD) = -2.851, 95% confidence interval (CI) =-5.506 to -0.195; P value 0.035). Our meta-analysis suggested serum vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of POAF development. Further large scale interventional studies are needed to explore whether vitamin D supplementation will prevent POAF.