Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 2008-5117 16 1 2024 03 13 Risk factors for re-expansion pulmonary edema following chest tube drainage in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax: A systematic review and meta-analysis 1 7 10.34172/jcvtr.32871 EN Herick Alvenus Willim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-5730 Eva Lydia Munthe https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4813-8273 Yoni Vanto https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4138-1869 Alvin Ariyanto Sani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4128-1729 REVIEW 10.34172/jcvtr.32871 2023 05 31 2024 02 10 Re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur after rapid lung expansion following the management of lung collapse. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the risk factors for RPE following chest tube drainage in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search in electronic databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest to identify studies that explore the risk factors for RPE following chest tube drainage in spontaneous pneumothorax. Pooled odds ratios (OR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated to evaluate the risk factors. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software. Five studies involving 1.093 spontaneous pneumothorax patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that the following risk factors were significantly associated with increased risk of RPE following chest tube drainage: the presence smoking history (OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.22-3.10, P=0.005, I2=0%), longer duration of symptoms (WMD=3.76, 95% CI: 2.07-5.45, P<0.0001, I2=30%) , and larger size of pneumothorax (WMD=16.76, 95% CI: 8.88-24.64, P<0.0001, I2=78%). Age, sex, and location of pneumothorax had no significant association. In patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, the presence of smoking history, longer duration of symptoms, and larger size of pneumothorax increase the risk of development of RPE following chest tube drainage.