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Submitted: 28 Jun 2020
Accepted: 30 Apr 2021
ePublished: 20 May 2021
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J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2021;13(2): 156-161.
doi: 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.33
PMID: 34326970
PMCID: PMC8302899
Scopus ID: 85106462554
  Abstract View: 672
  PDF Download: 538
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Original Article

Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty of Critical Pulmonary Stenosis and severe pulmonary stenosis in Neonates and Early Infancy: A Challenge in the Cyanotic

Hojjat Mortezaeian 1 ORCID logo, Mohammadrafie khorgami 1* ORCID logo, Negar Omidi 2, Yasaman khalili 1, Maryam Moradian 1, Raheleh Zamani 1, Esfandyar Nazari 1

1 Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Email: rafikhorgami@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary stenosis with an intact ventricular septum (PS-IVS) is one of the common causes of cyanotic heart disease in neonates with diverse morphologies as well as management and treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate short and midterm results of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) for this disorder.
Methods: Between 2012 and 2016, Totally 45 neonates and infants under 6 months old were evaluated.The patients had a minimum right-to-left ventricular pressure ratio of 1, right-to-left shunting at the patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect level, and tricuspid valve Z-scores higher than -4.
Results: Immediately after the procedure, the right ventricular pressure dropped to the normal values in 8 (20%) patients. The immediate procedural success rate was seen in 42 (93.3%) cases: the right-to-left ventricular pressure ratio dropped to below 50% or the level of O2 saturation rose above 75%. Of three cases unresponsive to BPV, two of them underwent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting and one procedural death occurred. At 6 months’ follow-up, of 42 patients, this pressure was still with in the normal range in 36 (80%) infants, while it had returned to high values in 9 (20%) patients and necessitated repeat valvuloplasty. After BPV, severe pulmonary valve regurgitation was observed in14.2% patients; the condition was more common when high-profile noncompliant balloons were used.
Conclusion: Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in infants with PS-IVS confers acceptable results insofar as it improves echocardiographic parameters and hemodynamic changes at short- and midterm followups.Balloon selection with sizes more than 1.2 of the diameter of the pulmonary valve annulus and the use of noncompliant high-pressure balloons results in higher degrees of pulmonary regurgitation.
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