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Submitted: 01 May 2021
Revision: 31 Aug 2021
Accepted: 24 Sep 2021
ePublished: 01 Nov 2021
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J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2021;13(4): 277-284.
doi: 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.46
PMID: 35047132
PMCID: PMC8749362
Scopus ID: 85123515488
  Abstract View: 916
  PDF Download: 565
  Full Text View: 216

Original Article

Gender-based in vivo comparison of culprit plaque characteristics and plaque microstructures using optical coherence tomography in acute coronary syndrome

Krishna Prasad 1 ORCID logo, Sreeniavs Reddy S 1,2* ORCID logo, Jaspreet Kaur 2, Raghavendra Rao k 2, Suraj Kumar 2, Vikas Kadiyala 2, Jeet Ram Kashyap 2, Garima Panwar 2

1 Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
2 Department of Cardiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030, India
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding Author: Sreenivas Reddy S, Email: , Email: reddycardio2911@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: Women perform worse after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) than men. The reason for these differences is unclear. The aim was to ascertain gender differences in the culprit plaque characteristics in ACS.
Methods:Patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for the culprit vessel underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Culprit plaque was identified as lipid rich,fibrous, and calcific plaque. Mechanisms underlying ACS are classified as plaque rupture, erosion,or calcified nodule. A lipid rich plaque along with thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) was a vulnerable plaque. Plaque microstructures including cholesterol crystals, macrophages, and microvessels were noted.
Results: A total of 52 patients were enrolled (men=29 and women=23). Baseline demographic features were similar in both the groups except men largely were current smokers (P<0.001). Plaque morphology,men vs. women: lipid rich 88.0% vs. 90.5%; fibrous 4% vs 0%; calcific 8.0% vs. 9.5% (P = 0.64). Of the ACS mechanisms in males versus females; plaque rupture (76.9 % vs. 50 %), plaque erosion (15.4 % vs.40 %) and calcified nodule (7.7 % vs. 10 %) was noted (P = 0.139). Fibrous cap thickness was (50.19 ±11.17 vs. 49.00 ± 10.71 mm, P = 0.71) and thin-cap fibroatheroma (96.2% vs. 95.0%, P = 1.0) in men and women respectively. Likewise no significant difference in presence of macrophages (42.3 % vs. 30%, P = 0.76), microvessels (73.1% vs. 60 %, P = 0.52) and cholesterol crystals (92.3% vs. 80%, P = 0.38).
Conclusion: No significant gender-based in-vivo differences could be discerned in ACS patients’ culprit plaques morphology, characteristics, and underlying mechanisms.


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Full Text View: 216

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