Neda Roshanravan
1* 
, Samad Ghaffari
1 , Sepideh Bastani
2, Sara Pahlavan
3, Samira Asghari
4, Mohammad Amin Doustvandi
5, Sepideh Jalilzadeh- Razin
6, Mohammadreza Dastouri
7* 1 Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Science, Leiden, Netherlands
3 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
4 University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5 Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
6 Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
7 Ankara University Biotechnology Institute and SISBIYOTEK Advanced Research Unit, Gumusdere Yerleskesi, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) myocardial tissues for studying human heart biology, physiology and pharmacology have recently received lots of attention. Organoids as 3D mini-organs are created from multiple cell types (i.e. induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs)) with other supporting co-cultured cells such as endothelial cells or fibroblasts. Cardiac organoid culture technologies are bringing about significant advances in organ research and allows for the establishment of tissue regeneration and disease modeling. The present review provides an overview of the recent advances in human cardiac organoid platforms in disease biology and for cardiovascular regenerative medicine.