Logo-jcvtr

J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2019;11(1): 78. doi: 10.15171/jcvtr.2019.14
PMID: 31024678        PMCID: PMC6477104

Letter to Editor

Considering the design effect in cluster sampling

Yousef Alimohamadi 1,2 ORCID, Mojtaba Sepandi 3,4 *

Cited by CrossRef: 17

1- Mashayekh-Amiri S, Hosseinzadeh M, Jafarabadi M, Soltani S, Mirghafourvand M. Examining psychometric properties of the Iranian version of exclusive breastfeeding social support scale (EBFSS). BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1) [Crossref]
2- Atosona A, Larbie C, Apprey C, Annan R. Pearl millet instant beverage powder enriched with baobab pulp to improve iron and anaemia status of adolescent girls in rural Ghana: a study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2024;132(5):565 [Crossref]
3- Huynh N, Nguyen T, Pham H, Huynh N, Nguyen N, Cao N, Dung D. Malnutrition, Frailty, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Rural Older Adults in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study. CIA. 2023;Volume 18:677 [Crossref]
4- Irani F, Muotka J, Lyyra P, Parviainen T, Monto S. Social influence in adolescence: Behavioral and neural responses to peer and expert opinion. Social Neuroscience. 2024;19(1):25 [Crossref]
5- Wintermantel L, Grove C. An evaluation of a dog-assisted social and emotional learning intervention in a school setting: Study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial. Mental Health & Prevention. 2022;28:200246 [Crossref]
6- Antunes A, Hassan B, Pinto R, Sichieri R, Cunha D. A choice architecture intervention targeting school meals and water frequency intake: A school-based randomized trial. Appetite. 2024;193:107118 [Crossref]
7- Mittal A, Rustagi N, Thirunavukkarasu P, Ghosh S, Raghav P. Improving adolescents’ dietary behavior through teacher-delivered cancer prevention education: a school-based cluster randomized intervention trial in urban Rajasthan. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1) [Crossref]
8- Ssekamatte T, Kibira S, Tetui M, Isunju J, Mugambe R, Wafula S, Buregyeya E, Nalwadda C, Bukenya J, Wanyenze R. Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1) [Crossref]
9- Tesfay N, Zenebe A, Dejene Z, Tadesse H, Woldeyohannes F, Gebreyesus A, Arora A, Lau E. Implementation status of maternal death surveillance and response system in Ethiopia: Evidence from a national-level system evaluation. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(12):e0312958 [Crossref]
10- Pons E, Pons J, Grossman E, Louw D, Werbeloff M. Single treatment selective laser trabeculoplasty in a Southern African resource-constrained context. JCMSA. 2025;3(1) [Crossref]
11- Chiuya T, Fèvre E, Okumu N, Abdi A, Junglen S, Borgemeister C. Exposure to Arboviruses in Cattle: Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever, Bluetongue, and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses and Risk Factors in Baringo County, Kenya. Pathogens. 2024;13(8):613 [Crossref]
12- Rushaigo A, Mshiu J, Alexander F, Misana E, Makasi C, Wiketye V, Kilale A. Confidence on COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors among people living with HIV: a cross-sectional survey in selected regions of Tanzania. Discov Public Health. 2024;21(1) [Crossref]
13- Gendeshmin S, Rostamzadeh S, Dowlati M. Evaluation of disaster risk perception and influencing factors among hospital personnel using structural equation modeling. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1) [Crossref]
14- El Tantawi M, Elwan A, Hamed H. Clustering of children’s oral diseases in families and villages in a rural setting in Egypt. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1) [Crossref]
15- Tamale B, Ssekamatte T, Isunju J, Nalugya A, Mukasa M, Tigaiza A, Nakalembe D, Kansiime W, Kimbugwe C, Mselle J, Mugambe R. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among desludging operators in Uganda. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25(1) [Crossref]
16- Naing L, Hassen S, Sharbini S, Murang Z, Teo N, Tahir Z. The relationship between the use of screen-based devices and self-reported sleep quality in adolescents aged 13–19 years in Brunei. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1) [Crossref]
17- O'Halloran A, Whitaker M, Patel K, Allen A, Copeland K, Reed C, Reynolds S, Taylor C, Havers F, Kim L, Wolter K, Garg S. Developing a sampling methodology for timely reporting of population‐based COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization surveillance in the United States, COVID‐NET 2020–2021. Influenza Resp Viruses. 2023;17(1) [Crossref]
18- Shanta I, Luby S, Hossain K, Heffelfinger J, Kilpatrick A, Haider N, Rahman T, Chakma S, Ahmed S, Sharker Y, Pulliam J, Kennedy E, Gurley E. Human Exposure to Bats, Rodents and Monkeys in Bangladesh. EcoHealth. 2023;20(1):53 [Crossref]
19- Bernardino V, De Lima L, Neves É, De Paiva S, Granville-Garcia A. Individual and contextual determinants associated with traumatic dental injuries in children eight to ten years of age: a multilevel analysis. AOS. 2024;83:419 [Crossref]
20- Dharmagunawardene D, Nadarajah N, Priyantha J, Nathasha V, Kantharuban D, Jayathilake K, Gunathilake C, Sujeewa J, Panapitiya L, Hinchcliff R. Evaluation of online training programs on COVID-19 management in Sri Lanka. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education. 2025; [Crossref]
21- Rahmani F, Asghari E, Naghdi Sadeh R, Hosseinzadeh M, Gholizadeh L. Psychological Distress and Associated Factors Among Elementary School Teachers: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Journal of School Health. 2024;94(11):1019 [Crossref]
22- Le H, Do T, Dao T, Hoang T, Nguyen B, Le T, Nguyen D, Yoshida L, Le X, Le H, Ton T, Ha M. Seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody and implications for vaccination policy in Vietnam’s South-central coast: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24(1) [Crossref]
23- Wubaye A, Mitiku S, Lataa D, Ambaw Y, Mekonen M, Kallu S. Seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis and owners knowledge, attitude and practices in Chiro and Burka Dhintu Districts, West Hararghe, Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2024;10(18):e37708 [Crossref]
24- Ducloyer J, Poinas A, Duchesne L, Caillet P, Ivan C, Lejus-Bourdeau C, Limousin N, Desmidt T, Pladys P, Pisella P, Bernard A, Lardy H, Gohier P, Martin L, Mouriaux F, Lebranchu P, Khanna R, Chartier J, Gitton L, Weber M, Mazhar D, Cornee C, Bodenes F, Orignac I, Servant M, Bellot L, Menardais B, Mainguy A, Bielefeld V, Caignard A. Educational Concerns About the Safety of Cataract Surgery During Residency: The E3CAPS Pedagogic Study. Ophthalmol Ther. 2023;12(5):2801 [Crossref]
25- Muturi M, Akoko J, Nthiwa D, Chege B, Nyamota R, Mutiiria M, Maina J, Thumbi S, Nyamai M, Kahariri S, Sitawa R, Kimutai J, Kuria W, Mwatondo A, Bett B, Lin T. Serological evidence of single and mixed infections of Rift Valley fever virus, Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii in dromedary camels in Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(3):e0009275 [Crossref]
26- Shrestha R, Adhikari T, Khatri B, Neupane D, Paudel S, Nielsen R, Skejø S, Vaidya A, Kallestrup P. Community-based promotion of physical activity in Nepal: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2025;26(1) [Crossref]
27- Yassin R, Amer H, Tantawi M. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride versus sodium fluoride varnish combined with mother’s motivational interviewing for arresting early childhood caries: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1) [Crossref]
28- Kiwango F, Mboya E, Ghaimo F, Ng’unda N, Mhina C, Gamassa E, Madundo K, Mzilangwe E, Masika L, Haruna I, Kuganda S, Mmbaga B, Kaaya S. Prevalence of significant anxiety symptoms and associated factors among adult people with HIV/AIDS in care and treatment clinic centers in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2025;25(1) [Crossref]
29- Jang Y, Cho G, Cho Y, Woo S, Lee T, Lee C. Effectiveness of e-learning platforms for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training by age group: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Interactive Learning Environments. 2024;:1 [Crossref]
30- Askew A, Randall A, Alvarez J, Elbe C, Caravelli N, Gonzales M, van der Star A, Blashill A. Examining the association of structural stigmas with body image-related outcomes among sexual minority individuals. Body Image. 2024;48:101652 [Crossref]
31- Bernardino V, de Lima L, Granja G, Neves É, de Paiva S, Granville‐Garcia A. The effect of sleep disorders, school jet lag, and anxiety in students 8–10 years of age on traumatic dental injuries. Dental Traumatology. 2024;40(3):289 [Crossref]
32- Williams M, Ebel E, Bilanovic I, Golden N, Posny D, Venu A, Powell M. Design and methodology for monitoring the occurrence of foodborne pathogens in meat and poultry in United States: Case study of Campylobacter on chicken. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2025;437:111217 [Crossref]
33- Quritum M, Abdella A, Amer H, El Desouky L, El Tantawi M. Effectiveness of nanosilver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride in arresting early childhood caries: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1) [Crossref]
34- Hu H, Wu C, Chau P, Choi E. Availability of Exercise Program, Perceived Exercise Benefits and Barriers, and Exercise Habits in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2025; [Crossref]
35- Bazyar H, Zare Javid A, Dasi E, Sadeghian M. Major dietary patterns in relation to obesity and quality of sleep among female university students. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2020;39:157 [Crossref]
36- Ofiaeli O, Ndukwu C, Ugwu N, Nnamani K, Ebenebe J, Egbuonu I. Exercise Induced Bronchospasm and associated factors in primary school children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2023;23(1) [Crossref]
37- Dhanapriyanka M, Kanthi R, Jayasekara P, Ha D. Tobacco chewing and associated factors among a vulnerable youth population in Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1) [Crossref]
38- Abageda M, Jena B, Belachew T. Effect of Male Partner‐Targeted Breastfeeding Education and Support Interventions on Optimal Breastfeeding Practices in Central Ethiopia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2025;21(2) [Crossref]
39- Kaul R, Saha S, Koul R, Saha N, Mukhopadyay S, Sengupta A, Sarkar S. Prevalence and attributes of traumatic dental injuries to anterior teeth among school going children of Kolkata, India. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2023;79(5):572 [Crossref]
40- Awolaran O, Awolaran D, Adetayo A. Women’s experience of intimate partner sexual violence in southwest, Nigeria. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2025;12(4):1630 [Crossref]
41- Fan S, Diaz L, Sáenz‐Ravello G, Valmaseda‐Castellon E, Al‐Nawas B, Schiegnitz E. Comprehensive Update on Implants in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer (2021–2024): Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of the Impact of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy on Implant Survival. Clinical Oral Implants Res. 2025; [Crossref]
42- Azadbakht M, Taheri Tanjani P, Fadayevatan R, Froughan M, Zanjari N. The prevalence and predictors of diabetes distress in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2020;163:108133 [Crossref]
43- Sivasamy S. Sample size considerations in research. 2023;35(4):304 [Crossref]