Sima Ghorabi
1 
, Alireza Esteghamati
2, Kamal Azam
3, Elnaz Daneshzad
4, Omid Sadeghi
4, Asma Salari-Moghaddam
4, Leila Azadbakht
4, Kurosh Djafarian
1* 1 Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Limited data are available on the association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. The present study was conducted to investigate the association of DII with MetS and its components among Iranian adults.
Methods: A total of 404 subjects, aged 18 years or older, were included in the current cross-sectional study. We used a validated and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intakes. Fasting blood sample was obtained to quantify glycemic indicators and lipid profile. MetS was defined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III).
Results: Mean age of study participants was 38.20 ± 9.55 years. No significant association was found between DII and odds of MetS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.48-1.76). In terms of MetS components, a significant positive association was seen between DII scores and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.32-3.97); such that after controlling for energy intake, demographic variables and BMI, participants in the highest category of DII had 2.71 times greater odds for having reduced levels of HDL-C (OR: 2.71, 95% CIs: 1.34, 5.47). There was no other significant association between other components of MetS and DII scores either before or after adjusting for confounding variables.
Conclusion: We observed no significant association between DII and odds of MetS. However, higher score of DII was associated with lower levels of HDL.