Zahra Shirzadi
1 
, Elnaz Daneshzad
2, Ahmadreza Dorosty
1, Pamela J Surkan
3, Leila Azadbakht
1.4* 1 Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
3 Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
4 Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Given that some plant-based foods, such as potatoes, adversely affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, this study was performed to assess the association between plant dietary patterns and these risk factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 371 healthy 18 to 50 year-old Iranian women. Participant dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Nineteen food groups were ranked in deciles and received scores from 1 to 10. An overall plant-based dietary index (PDI), a healthy plant-based dietary index (hPDI), and an unhealthy plant-based dietary index (uPDI) were calculated.
Results: Participants who scored in the top tertile of the PDI or uPDI consumed less fat and protein and more carbohydrates, compared to women in the lowest tertile (P < 0.05). There was no significant variation in macronutrient consumption between the highest and lowest tertiles of hPDI. Participants who scored in the highest tertile of PDI had lower low density cholesterol level (LDL) (79.61 ± 14.36 mg dL−1 vs. 83.01 ± 14.96 mg/dL−1, P = 0.021). In addition, higher adherence to uPDI was associated with higher triglyceride (TG) levels compared to participants with lower adherence (101.5 ± 56.55 mg/dL−1 vs. 97.70 ± 56.46 mg dL−1, P < 0.0001). Here was no significant association between PDI, hPDI and uPDI and CVD risk factors in regression model.
Conclusion: We found no significant association between plant-based dietary indices and CVD risk factors in women, except for LDL-C and TG. Future cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.